Article Summary Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes. Position Statement of the American Diabetes Association. Diabetes Care. 2005;28(suppl 1):S4-S36. Objective: The American Diabetes Association (ADA) issues position statements on scientific or medical issues related to diabetes as appropriate. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes is updated each year, based on technical and other published reviews. Its objective is to provide clinicians with recommendations for care that have been approved by the Professional Practice Committee of the ADA and, subsequently, by the Executive Committee of Board of Directors of the ADA. Observation: The 2005 edition of Standards of Medical Care differs from its predecessors in several ways. For example, Screening for Diabetes is a separate section and includes information and criteria specific to type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Criteria for fasting plasma glucose and 2-hour plasma glucose (oral glucose tolerance test) are now 126 mg/dL and 200 mg/dL, respectively, rather than the 2004 recommendation of ≥126 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL. Screening to detect prediabetes as well as diabetes is now recommended in people 45 years of age and older, particularly in people whose body mass index is >25 kg/m2. The section pertaining to prevention and delay of type 2 diabetes is considerably expanded, as are the sections regarding care, prevention, and management of diabetes complications, and medical nutrition therapy (MNT). New sections have been added: Diabetes Care in Specific Settings—which includes diabetes care in the hospital; Third-Party Reimbursement for Diabetes Care, Self-Management Education, and Supplies; and Strategies for Improving Diabetes Care. Conclusion: Given the projected increases in prevalence of type 2 diabetes in the next decade, the 2005 edition of Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes provides primary care physicians and other clinicians who treat patients with prediabetes and diabetes with important criteria and treatment recommendations for each patient population affected.