Insulin Therapy in the Primary Care Setting


References: Case 1

  1. Yki-Jarvinen H, Dressler A, Ziemen M. Less nocturnal hypoglycemia and better post-dinner glucose control with bedtime insulin glargine compared with bedtime NPH insulin during insulin combination therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2000;23:1130-1136.

  2. Funnel MM, Kruger DF, Spencer M. Self-management support for insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Educ. 2004;30:274-280.

  3. Turner RC, Holman RR, Cull CA, et al, for the UK Prospective Diabetes Study (UKPDS) Group. Intensive blood-glucose control with sulphonylureas or insulin compared with conventional treatment and risk of complications in patients with type 2 diabetes (UKPDS 33). Lancet. 1998;352:837-853.

  4. Bell DS. Type 2 diabetes mellitus: what is the optimal treatment regimen? Am J Med. 2004;116(5A):23S-29S.

  5. Riddle MC, Rosenstock J. In: Cefalu WT, Gerich JE, LeRoith D, eds. The CADRE Handbook of Diabetes Management. New York, NY: CMD Publishing; 2004:127-144.

  6. Glucotrol® (glipizide) tablets (package insert). New York, NY: Pfizer Inc; 2000.

  7. Butler AE, Janson J, Bonner-Weir S, Ritzel R, Rizza RA, Butler PC. ß-cell deficit and increased ß-cell apoptosis in humans with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes. 2003;52:102-110.

  8. Robertson RP, Harmon J, et al. Glucose toxicity in ß cells. Diabetes. 2003;52:581-587.

  9. Lantus® (insulin glargine [rDNA origin] injection) (package insert). Kansas City, MO: Aventis Pharmaceuticals Inc; 2003.

  10. Rosenstock J, Schwartz SL, Clark CM, Park GD, Donley DW, Edwards MB. Basal insulin therapy in type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2001;24:631-636.

  11. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes mellitus. Diabetes Care. 2004;27(suppl 1):S15-S35.

  12. Riddle MC, Rosenstock J, Gerich J, on behalf of the Insulin Glargine 4002 Study Investigators. The treat-to-target trial: randomized addition of glargine or human NPH insulin to oral therapy of type 2 diabetic patients. Diabetes Care. 2003;26:3080-3086.

  13. Humulin® (package insert). Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Company; 2003.

  14. NovoLog® Mix 70/30 (package insert). Princeton, NJ: Novo Nordisk Pharmaceuticals; 2003.

  15. Humalog® Mix 75/25 (package insert). Indianapolis, IN: Eli Lilly and Company; 2003.

  16. Boehm BO, Home PD, Behrend C, Kamp NM, Lindholm A. Premixed insulin aspart 30 vs. premixed human insulin 30/70 twice daily: a randomized trial in type 1 and type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med. 2002;19:393-399.

  17. Rosenstock J. Insulin strategies in type 2 diabetes. Endotext.com. 2003. Available at: www.endotext.org/diabetes/diabetes24rosenstock/diabetes24rosenstock.htm. Accessed July 9, 2004.

  18. Hirsch IB. Treatment of patients with severe insulin deficiency: what we have learned over the past 2 years. Am J Med. 2004;116(3A):17S-22S.

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